Address Underlying Cause
Treat any identified deficiency (vitamin C or K supplementation), manage liver disease, adjust medications if needed (e.g., altering dosage of anticoagulants), and treat autoimmune or hematologic disease appropriately.
Supportive Care
Apply cold compresses early after bruising to reduce bleeding and swelling, followed by warm compresses after 48 hours to increase circulation and healing. Elevation of the affected area helps reduce swelling. Protect areas prone to injury.
Topical Treatments
Over‑the‑counter topical arnica gels, vitamin K creams, or heparinoid creams may help speed bruise resolution, though evidence varies. Gentle massage (only after the bruise has matured past the red/blue phase) may improve circulation.
Pain Management
If bruises are painful, acetaminophen (paracetamol) is preferred over NSAIDs, which may worsen bleeding. Always discuss pain relief options with your healthcare provider.
Lifestyle and Dietary Measures
Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and sources of vitamin C (e.g., citrus fruits, berries, broccoli), vitamin K (leafy greens), and protein for tissue repair. Stay hydrated. If you smoke, consider quitting, as smoking impairs blood vessel integrity. Engage in gentle strength and balance exercises to reduce fall risk, especially in elderly individuals.
Follow‑Up and Monitoring
Track bruise frequency, size, healing times, and any new symptoms. Follow up with your healthcare provider to adjust treatment, repeat lab tests, or refer to specialists (hematologists, dermatologists, rheumatologists) if needed.
