Unexplained Bruises? When to Be Concerned and What Could Be Causing Them
Platelet Disorders
Platelet count or function abnormalities may lead to easy bruising. Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) can stem from conditions like immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), bone marrow suppression (e.g., leukemia, aplastic anemia), or medication‑induced causes. Even when platelet count is normal, platelet function disorders (e.g., von Willebrand disease, acquired platelet dysfunction) can cause bleeding and bruising.
Coagulation Factor Deficiencies
Disorders such as hemophilia A or B, or von Willebrand disease, involve deficiencies in clotting factors, leading to prolonged bleeding. While usually diagnosed early in life, mild forms may go unnoticed until later. Liver disease can impair production of clotting factors, likewise vitamin K deficiency may hinder the clotting cascade.
Connective Tissue Disorders
Disorders affecting collagen or vascular integrity—such as Ehlers‑Danlos syndrome or scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)—can result in fragile blood vessels. In scurvy especially, bruising often appears in areas under stress or pressure (e.g., legs, shins) and may be accompanied by gum bleeding, corkscrew hairs, or perifollicular hemorrhages.
